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Abstract Developing a high-level autonomous collision avoidance system for ships which can operate in an unstructured and unpredictable environment is a challenging task. Especially in the congested sea areas, each ship should continuously make decisions to avoid collisions with many other ships in the busy and complex waterway. Furthermore, recent reports indicate that a large number of collision accidents at sea are caused by or related to human decision failures with lack of situational awareness and failure to comply with International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs). In this study, we propose a robust and efficient method to collision avoidance problems of multi-ships based on the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm. The proposed method directly maps the states of encountered ships to an ownship’s steering commands in terms of the rudder angle using a deep neural network (DNN). This DNN is trained over multi-ships on rich encountering situations using the policy gradient based DRL algorithm. To handle multiple encountered ships, we classify them into four regions based on COLREGs, and only consider the nearest ship in each region. We validate the proposed method in a variety of simulated scenarios thorough performance evaluations. The result shows that the proposed method can find time efficient, collision-free paths for multi-ships. Also, it shows that the proposed method has excellent adaptability to unknown complex environments.
Publication Date 2019-09-24

Luman Zhao, Myung-Il Roh, Hye-Won Lee, Do-Hyun Chun, Sung-Jun Lee, "A Collision Avoidance Method of Multi-ships Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning Considering COLREGs", Proceedings of ICCAS(International Conference on Computer Applications in Shipbuilding) 2019, Rotterdam, Netherlands, pp. 85-88, 2019.09.24-26


  1. Myung-Il Roh, "Applications of Deep Learning in Ship Design, Production, and Operation Stages", Proceedings of ICDM(International Conference on Decarbonization and Digitalization in Marine Engineering) 2022, Siheung, Korea, 2022.04.28-29

  2. Min-Jae Oh, Myung-Il Roh, Young-Soo Seok, and Sung-Jun Lee, "Optimization of a Ship Hull Form using Deep Learning", Proceedings of ACDDE 2019, Penang, Malaysia, 2019.07.07-10

  3. Min-Jae Oh, Myung-Il Roh, Sung-Woo Park, Do-Hyun Chun, Jeong-Youl Lee, Myeong-Jo Son, "Operational Analysis of Container Ships Using AIS Data", Proceedings of ACDDE 2018, Okinawa, Japan, 2018.11.1-3

  4. Min-Jae Oh, Myung-Il Roh, Sung-Woo Park, Do-Hyun Chun, In-Il Kim, Chang-Yong Kim, Won-Joon Lee, "Estimation of Ship Energy Efficiency from Big Data Analysis", Proceedings of the 32nd Asian-Pacific TEAM 2018, Wuhan, China, pp. 262-264, 2018.10.15-18

  5. Min-Jae Oh, Myung-Il Roh, "Hull Form Surface Generation Using T-Spline", Proceedings of the 31st Asian-Pacific TEAM 2017, Osaka, Japan, 2017.09.25-28

  6. Min-Chul Kong, Myung-Il Roh, Ki-Su Kim, Jongoh Kim, Hogyun Park, Jeongyoul Lee, "A Method of Variable Recognition and Connection for Reviewing Ship Regulations", Proceedings of ICCAS 2022, Yokohama, Japan, pp. 171-175, 2022.09.13-15

  7. Min-Chul Kong, Myung-Il Roh, Jisang Ha, Mijin Kim, Jeoungyoun Kim, "A Method for the Generation of Optimal Patterns for Equipment Unit Modules in the Engine Room", Proceedings of 10th PAAMES and AMEC 2023, Kyoto, Japan, 2023.10.18-20

  8. Min-Chul Kong, Myung-Il Roh, Jisang Ha, Jeong-Ho Park, EunSeok Jin, Donghun Yu, "Integrated Navigation Assistance System Using Augmented Reality", Proceedings of G-NAOE 2022, Changwon, Korea, 2022.11.06-10

  9. Min-Chul Kong, Myung-Il Roh, Jisang Ha, Eun Seok Jin, Donghun Yu, "Design of the Integrated System for the Safe Operation Based on Augmented Reality", Proceedings of PRADS 2022, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 2022.10.09-13

  10. Min-Chul Kong, Myung-Il Roh, In-Chang Yeo, Ki-Su Kim, Jeongyoul Lee, Jongoh Kim, Gapheon Lee, "A Detection Method of Objects with Text in Drawings Based on Deep Learning", Proceedings of ISOPE 2023, Ottawa, Canada, 2023.06.19-23

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