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| Abstract | To prevent maritime accidents, it is crucial to be aware of the surrounding environment near ships. The images recorded by a camera mounted on a ship could be used for the awareness of other ships surrounding it. In this study, ship awareness was performed using three procedures: detection, localization, and tracking. Initially, ship detection was performed using the deep learning-based detection model, YOLO (You Only Look Once) v3, based on the camera image. A virtual image dataset was constructed using Unity to overcome the difficulty of obtaining camera images onboard with various sizes of ships, and to improve the detection performance. This was followed by the localization procedure in which the position of the horizon on the image was calculated using the orientation information from the ship. Subsequently, the position of the detected ship in the spatial coordinate system was calculated using the horizon information. Following this, the position, course over ground (COG), and speed over ground (SOG) of the target ships were tracked in the time domain using the extended Kalman filter. A deep learning model that determines the heading of the ship in the image was proposed to utilize abundant information of cameras, and it was used to set the initial value of the Kalman filter. Finally, the proposed method for the awareness of ships was validated using an actual video captured from a camera installed on an actual ship with various encountering scenarios. The tracking results were compared with actual automatic identification system (AIS) data obtained from other ships. As a result, the entire detection, localization, and tracking procedures showed good performance, and it was estimated that the proposed method for awareness of the surroundings of a ship, based on camera images, could be used in the future. |
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| Publication Date | 2021-10-01 |
| Role | Corresponding Author |
| Category | SCIE |
| Impact Factor | 5.860 |
Won-Jae Lee, Myung-Il Roh, Hye-Won Lee, Jisang Ha, Yeong-Min Cho, Nam-Sun Son, “Detection and Tracking for the Awareness of Surroundings of a Ship Based on Deep Learning”, Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 1407-1430, 2021.10.01
https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwab053
Sang-Hyun Lee, Myung-Il Roh, Min-Jae Oh, Ki-Su Kim, "Optimal Layout Design of an LNG FPSO: A Case Study", Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol. 142, No. 041403, pp. 1-17, 2020.08.01
Sang-Uk Lee, Myung-Il Roh, Ju-Hwan Cha, Kyu-Yeul Lee, "Ship Compartment Modeling Based On a Non-manifold Polyhedron Modeling Kernel", Advances In Engineering Software, Vol. 40, No. 5, pp. 378-388, 2009.05.01
Seong-Hoon Kim, Myung-Il Roh, Ki-Su Kim, Min-Jae Oh, “Big Data Platform Based on Hadoop and Application to Weight Estimation of FPSO Topside”, Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 32-40, 2017.03.01
Seong-Hoon Kim, Myung-Il Roh, Min-Jae Oh, Sung-Woo Park, "Estimation of Ship Operational Efficiency from AIS Data Using Big Data Technology", IJNAOE, Vol. 12, pp. 440-453, 2020.05.21
Seong-Won Choi, Myung-Il Roh, In-Chang Yeo, Won-Chul Yoo, Seon-Do Han, "A Route Planning Method for Small Ships Based on Historical AIS Data", accepted for publication in Ocean Engineering, 2025.10.29
Seung-Ho Ham, Myung-Il Roh, Hye-Won Lee, "Simulation of Load Lifting with Equalizers Used in Shipyards", Automation in Construction, Vol. 61, pp. 98-111, 2016.02.01
Seung-Ho Ham, Myung-Il Roh, "Dynamic Analysis of Block Offloading Using Self-propelled Modular Transporters", Automation in Construction, Vol. 96, pp. 411-432, 2018.12.01
Seung-Ho Ham, Myung-Il Roh, Hye-Won Lee, "Collision Detection and Response of Multibody Systems Using a Position Difference Method and Non-Interpenetration Constraint in Shipbuilding Simulation", Ocean Engineering, Vol. 195, pp. 1-18, 2020.01.01
Seung-Ho Ham, Myung-Il Roh, Hye-Won Lee, Jin-Wuk Hong, Hong-Rae Lee, "Development and Validation of a Simulation-based Safety Evaluation Program for a Mega Floating Crane", Advances In Engineering Software, Vol. 112, pp. 101-116, 2017.10.01
Seung-Ho Ham, Myung-Il Roh, Hye-Won Lee, Sol Ha, "Multibody Dynamic Analysis of a Heavy Load Suspended by a Floating Crane with Constraint-based Wire Rope", Ocean Engineering, Vol. 109, pp. 145-160, 2015.11.15
Seung-Ho Ham, Myung-Il Roh, Ju-Sung Kim, "Numerical Analysis of Wreck Removal Based on Multibody System Dynamics", Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 521-535, 2018.09.01
Seung-Ho Ham, Myung-Il Roh, Jung-Woo Hong, “Dynamic Effect of a Flexible Riser in a Fully Connected Semisubmersible Drilling Rig Using the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation”, Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 2017.10.01
Seung-Ho Ham, Myung-Il Roh, Luman Zhao, "Integrated Method of Analysis, Visualization, and Hardware for Ship Motion Simulation", Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 285-298, 2018.07.01
Seung-Ho Ham, Myung-Il Roh, “Time-domain Structural Analysis During Block Turnover and Lifting Using 2D Flexible Multibody Dynamics”, Marine Structures, Vol. 75, pp. 102841.1-26, 2021.01.01
Seung-Min Lee, Jong-Hyeok Lee, Myung-Il Roh, Ki-Su Kim, Seung-Ho Ham, Hye-Won Lee, "An Optimization Model of Tugboat Operation for Conveying a Large Surface Vessel", Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2021.04.01
Sol Ha, Ju-Hwan Cha, Myung-Il Roh, Kyu-Yeul Lee, "Implementation of the Submarine Diving Simulation in a Distributed Environment", International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 211-227, 2012.09.01
Sol Ha, Nam-Kug Ku, Myung-Il Roh, "Event-based Scenario Manager for Multibody Dynamics Simulation of Heavy Load Lifting Operations in Shipyards", International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 83-101, 2016.01.01
Sol Ha, Nam-Kug Ku, Myung-Il Roh, Ho-Jin Hwang, "Multibody System Dynamics Simulator for Process Simulation of Ships and Offshore Plants in Shipyards", Advances In Engineering Software, Vol. 85, pp. 12-25, 2015.07.01
Sol Ha, Nam-Kug Ku, Myung-Il Roh, Kyu-Yeul Lee, "Cell-Based Evacuation Simulation Considering Human Behavior in a Passenger Ship", Ocean Engineering, Vol. 53, pp. 138-152, 2012.10.01
Sol Ha, Seong-Ho Seo, Myung-Il Roh, Hyun-Kyoung Shin, "Simplified Nonlinear Model for the Weight Estimation of FPSO Plant Topside Using the Statistical Method", Ships and Offshore Structures, Vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 603-619, 2016.09.01
