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Abstract Design rules for ships have become more extensive and detailed due to an increase in the sizes of ships. Several variables and equations used in the rules are complex, thereby impeding their review by reviewers due to their voluminosity. In addition, because these rules are constantly revised, professional investigators may miss these changes. To prevent such confusion, a shipping register, which approves ship drawings, constantly automates the search and review processes of the rules. Consequently, this study proposes a method for recognizing variables in documents to review the rules and build relationships between variables. Each component of a document must be accurately identified. The document containing these rules includes different components such as equations, figures, and strings. Because these rules are mainly converted to a portable document format (PDF) for compatibility, it is challenging to extract each component as raw data. This study used a public library to extract elements from the PDF and utilized the positional relationship between the elements to identify the variables. By applying the Levenshtein distance algorithm, which compares the differences between two strings, the document was partitioned following to the table of contents. Hence, the identified variables were indexed into sections of the table of content. Additionally, based on the indexed information, a data structure was proposed to show the equations, definition of variables, and relationships. This study applied it to common structural rules (CSR), which are widely used in the shipbuilding industry. The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed by achieving the F1-score = 0.93 in variable recognition and intuitively visualizing the relationship between the variables.
Publication Date 2022-11-16
Role Corresponding Author
Category SCIE
Impact Factor 6.167

Min-Chul Kong, Myung-Il Roh, Ki-Su Kim, Ho-Gyun Park, Jong-Oh Kim, "Variable Indexing Method in Rule Documents for Ship Design Using Extraction of PDF Elements", Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 2556-2573, 2022.11.16

https://doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwac123


List of Articles
번호 분류 제목 Publication Date
136 International Journal Min-Chul Kong, Myung-Il Roh, In-Su Han, Seong-Won Choi, Jeongyeon Kim, “A Method for Transferring Piping Designs Using Past Project Data in Shipbuilding”, International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2026.03.01 2026-03-01
135 International Journal Seong-Won Choi, Myung-Il Roh, In-Chang Yeo, Won-Chul Yoo, Seon-Do Han, "A Route Planning Method for Small Ships Based on Historical AIS Data", Ocean Engineering, Vol. 343, Part 3, 123372, 2026.01.15 file 2026-01-15
134 International Journal Hyun Soo Kim, Myung-Il Roh, "Data-driven Model for Predicting Tank Pressure of an LNG Carrier Considering Environmental Effects", International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Vo.l. 18, 2026.01.01 file 2026-01-01
133 International Journal Dong-Woo Kim, Myung-Il Roh, Yong-Tai Kim, Minkyu Park, Mun-gwan Choi, Jin-Hyeok Kim, "A Nonlinear Methodology for the Sloshing Assessment in the Membrane-type LNG Cargo Containment System", accepted for publication in Ocean Engineering, 2025.12.29 file 2025-12-29
132 International Journal In-Su Han, Myung-Il Roh, Min-Chul Kong, "A RAG-based Q&A System for Ship Regulations Applying Domain Adaptation", International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 18, pp. 100735.1-18, 2025.12.23 file 2025-12-23
131 International Journal Jin-Hyeok Kim, Myung-Il Roh, In-Chang Yeo, “An MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron)-Based Method for Optimizing Multiple Hull Forms at Once Using Surrogate Modeling with Geometric Moments”, Ocean Engineering, Vol. 339, Part 1, 2025.11.15 file 2025-11-15
130 International Journal In-Chang Yeo, Myung-Il Roh, Yun-Sik Kim, Ha-Yun Kim, Do-Hyeok Ahn, Nam-Sun Son, "A Localization Method of Nearby Ships Based on 3D Object Detection Using a Camera", International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2025.11.12 file 2025-11-12
129 International Journal In-Su Han, Myung-Il Roh, Min-Chul Kong, “An Automated Method for Converting P&IDs in Shipbuilding to Structured Graphs”, International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 17, pp. 100696.1-20, 2025.10.04 file 2025-10-04
128 International Journal In-Chang Yeo, Myung-Il Roh, Dong-Guen Jeong, Jun-Sik Lee, "A Route Planning Method for Small Ships Inside the Marina", International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 17, pp. 100684.1-16, 2025.08.13 file 2025-08-13
127 International Journal Yun-Sik Kim, Myung-Il Roh, Ha-Yun Kim, In-Chang Yeo, "An Improved Method of Detecting the Horizon for Tracking Maritime Obstacles", Ocean Systems Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 219-239, 2025.06.30 file 2025-06-30
126 International Journal Min-Chul Kong, Myung-Il Roh, In-Su Han, ..., "A Representation Method of Pipe Connections and Routing Space in Pipe Auto-routing Using Graph and Octree Structures", Ocean Engineering, Vol. 329, 121204, pp. 1-18, 2025.06.15 file 2025-06-15
125 International Journal In-Su Han, Myung-Il Roh, Min-Chul Kong, Seoyoon Park, Jeongyoul Lee, "Search Method for Ship Regulations Based on Semantic Similarity Using Natural Language Processing", Ships and Offshore Structures, 2025.05.12 file 2025-05-12
124 International Journal Jin-Hyeok Kim, Myung-Il Roh, In-Chang Yeo, “A Method for Generating Multiple Hull Forms at Once Using MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron)”, Ocean Engineering, Vol. 324, pp. 120659.1-20, 2025.04.30 file 2025-04-30
123 International Journal Dong-Guen Jeong, Myung-Il Roh, In-Chang Yeo, Ki-Su Kim, Jun-Sik Lee, “A Route Planning Method for Small Ships in Coastal Areas Based on Quadtree”, IJNAOE, Vol. 17, pp. 100647.1-17, 2025.02.03 file 2025-02-03
122 International Journal Dong-Woo Kim, Myung-Il Roh, Do-Hyun Chun, Sun-Hong Woo, Yong-Tai Kim, “A Method for the Profile Optimization of the Primary Barrier of a Membrane-type LNG Tank Using Surrogate Modeling”, Ocean Engineering, Vol. 317, 2025.02.01 file 2025-02-01
121 International Journal Ki-Su Kim, Myung-Il Roh, “Review of Ship Arrangement Design Using Optimization Methods”, Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 100-121, 2025.01.31 file 2025-01-31
120 International Journal Ha-Yun Kim, Myung-Il Roh, Hye-Won Lee, In-Chang Yeo, Yeong-Min Jo, Jisang Ha, Nam-Sun Son, “A Hybrid Tracking Method for Maritime Obstacles Using Sensor Data”, Ocean Engineering, Vol. 312, Part 2, 2024.09.16 file 2024-09-16
119 International Journal Jisang Ha, Myung-Il Roh, Hye-Won Lee, "Ship Route Planning for Collision Avoidance Based on the Improved Isochrone Method", International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2024.08.16 file 2024-08-16
118 International Journal Jeong-Ho Park, Myung-Il Roh, Hye-Won Lee, Yeong-Min Jo, Jisang Ha, Nam-Sun Son, "Multi-vessel Target Tracking with Camera Fusion for Unmanned Surface Vehicles", International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 16, 2024.07.14 file 2024-07-14
117 International Journal Min-Chul Kong, Myung-Il Roh, "A Method for Implementing a Ship Navigation Simulator for the Generation and Utilization of Virtual Data", International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2024.06.25 file 2024-06-27
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