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Abstract For safe navigation of ships, it is essential to accurately detect and continuously track surrounding obstacles. The horizon, serving as the boundary between the sky and the sea, plays a crucial role in enabling ships to maintain precise routes and effectively assess the positions of obstacles. Reliable horizon detection is, therefore, highly significant. Conventional horizon detection methods, such as the Hough transform and edge-based approaches, have shown good performance in relatively simple environments. However, their accuracy significantly decreases in realistic maritime environments, which involve complex factors such as terrain, obstacles, and reflections. To address these limitations, this study proposes a novel horizon detection method that fine-tunes the SAM (Segment Anything Model), a deep learning model specifically designed for maritime images. An efficient adapter-based fine-tuning technique was implemented on the SAM’s mask decoder, enabling the model to effectively learn the distinct visual and structural characteristics of maritime environments. Experimental evaluations demonstrated that the method combining the SAM fine-tuning with the vertical edge response approach achieved superior performance, significantly reducing height error and slope error by an average of 75.58% and 70.17%, respectively, even in highly complex environments. These findings highlight the superior accuracy and robustness of the proposed method, indicating its substantial potential for practical applications in autonomous navigation systems and enhanced maritime safety.
Publication Date 2025-06-30
Role Corresponding Author
Category Scopus

Yun-Sik Kim, Myung-Il Roh, Ha-Yun Kim, In-Chang Yeo, "An Improved Method of Detecting the Horizon for Tracking Maritime Obstacles", Ocean Systems Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 219-239, 2025.06.30

https://doi.org/10.12989/ose.2025.15.2.219


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  2. Hyewon Lee, Myung-Il Roh, Yerin Kim, "Hybrid Multibody Dynamics-based Model Predictive Control of Suspended Blocks for Floating Cranes in Waves", accepted for publication in Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, 2026.07.01

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  3. Ha-Yun Kim, Myung-Il Roh, Yeong-Min Jo, Hye-Won Lee, Yun-Sik Kim, In-Chang Yeo, "A Track-to-track Fusion Method for Tracking Maritime Obstacles", International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2026.06.20

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  4. In-Chang Yeo, Myung-Il Roh, Yun-Sik Kim, A Method for Generating a 3D Environmental Map Using a Stereo Camera for Autonomous Berthing of an Unmanned Surface Vehicle", International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2026.05.23

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  5. Min-Chul Kong, Myung-Il Roh, In-Su Han, Seong-Won Choi, Jeongyeon Kim, “A Method for Transferring Piping Designs Using Past Project Data in Shipbuilding”, International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2026.03.02

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  6. Dong-Woo Kim, Myung-Il Roh, Yong-Tai Kim, Minkyu Park, Mun-gwan Choi, Jin-Hyeok Kim, "A Nonlinear Methodology for the Sloshing Assessment in the Membrane-type LNG Cargo Containment System", accepted for publication in Ocean Engineering, 2025.12.29

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  7. In-Su Han, Myung-Il Roh, Min-Chul Kong, "A RAG-based Q&A System for Ship Regulations Applying Domain Adaptation", International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 18, pp. 100735.1-18, 2025.12.23

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  8. Hyun Soo Kim, Myung-Il Roh, "Data-driven Model for Predicting Tank Pressure of an LNG Carrier Considering Environmental Effects", International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Vo.l. 18, 2026.01.01

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  9. In-Chang Yeo, Myung-Il Roh, Yun-Sik Kim, Ha-Yun Kim, Do-Hyeok Ahn, Nam-Sun Son, "A Localization Method of Nearby Ships Based on 3D Object Detection Using a Camera", International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2025.11.12

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  10. Seong-Won Choi, Myung-Il Roh, In-Chang Yeo, Won-Chul Yoo, Seon-Do Han, "A Route Planning Method for Small Ships Based on Historical AIS Data", Ocean Engineering, Vol. 343, Part 3, 123372, 2026.01.15

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  11. In-Su Han, Myung-Il Roh, Min-Chul Kong, “An Automated Method for Converting P&IDs in Shipbuilding to Structured Graphs”, International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 17, pp. 100696.1-20, 2025.10.04

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  12. In-Chang Yeo, Myung-Il Roh, Dong-Guen Jeong, Jun-Sik Lee, "A Route Planning Method for Small Ships Inside the Marina", International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 17, pp. 100684.1-16, 2025.08.13

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  13. Jin-Hyeok Kim, Myung-Il Roh, In-Chang Yeo, “An MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron)-Based Method for Optimizing Multiple Hull Forms at Once Using Surrogate Modeling with Geometric Moments”, Ocean Engineering, Vol. 339, Part 1, 2025.11.15

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  14. Yun-Sik Kim, Myung-Il Roh, Ha-Yun Kim, In-Chang Yeo, "An Improved Method of Detecting the Horizon for Tracking Maritime Obstacles", Ocean Systems Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 219-239, 2025.06.30

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  16. Min-Chul Kong, Myung-Il Roh, In-Su Han, ..., "A Representation Method of Pipe Connections and Routing Space in Pipe Auto-routing Using Graph and Octree Structures", Ocean Engineering, Vol. 329, 121204, pp. 1-18, 2025.06.15

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  17. Jin-Hyeok Kim, Myung-Il Roh, In-Chang Yeo, “A Method for Generating Multiple Hull Forms at Once Using MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron)”, Ocean Engineering, Vol. 324, pp. 120659.1-20, 2025.04.30

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  18. Dong-Guen Jeong, Myung-Il Roh, In-Chang Yeo, Ki-Su Kim, Jun-Sik Lee, “A Route Planning Method for Small Ships in Coastal Areas Based on Quadtree”, IJNAOE, Vol. 17, pp. 100647.1-17, 2025.02.03

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  19. Ki-Su Kim, Myung-Il Roh, “Review of Ship Arrangement Design Using Optimization Methods”, Journal of Computational Design and Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 100-121, 2025.01.31

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